Introduction
Pattern reversal buying and selling is the self-discipline of figuring out when a directional transfer loses momentum and a counter-move begins. Completed nicely, it presents the very best risk-reward ratios obtainable to a discretionary dealer, as a result of entries are positioned on the structural pivot fairly than chasing a longtime transfer. Completed poorly, it produces a gentle stream of shedding trades, as a result of each minor pullback in a powerful pattern seems like a possible reversal till it is not.
The Parabolic SAR (Cease and Reverse), designed by J. Welles Wilder Jr., stays one of the extensively studied pattern reversal instruments. The dot sample beneath an uptrend or above a downtrend offers a steady visible reference, and a flip from one aspect of worth to the opposite indicators a possible regime change. But anybody who has traded uncooked PSAR is aware of the difficulty: it flips ceaselessly in uneven situations, producing dozens of false indicators that erode an account earlier than the subsequent real pattern takes maintain.
The Descent Blade Indicator solves this with a layered affirmation engine combining a Wilder PSAR, a one-bar lagging variant, a Invoice Williams Fractal exit and re-entry sign layer, and a strict non-repainting analysis rule. Each sign is calculated on a confirmed bar shut and is everlasting. The indicator is out there for each MetaTrader 4 and MetaTrader 5 and is distributed completely by means of the MQL5.com Market.
Obtain the indicator:Â
The system relies on the open-source Pine Script venture Pattern Dealer-Remastered by aybarsm , launched below the Mozilla Public License 2.0. The MQL4 and MQL5 implementations have been rewritten from scratch with non-repainting closed-bar processing, marketplace-compliant enter validation, and a unified visible layer that renders identically throughout each platforms.
This text explains the lagging PSAR idea, the BW Fractal TP and RE layer, and the entire parameter reference.
Why Commonplace Parabolic SAR Is Arduous to Commerce
The classical Parabolic SAR locations a dot under worth throughout an uptrend and above throughout a downtrend, trailing the transfer with an acceleration issue that grows every time worth prints a brand new excessive. When worth closes by means of the dot, the SAR flips and the acceleration issue resets. The flip itself is the reversal sign.
This mechanism makes the SAR responsive but in addition fragile. In a clean pattern the dot tracks tightly and locks in revenue. In a uneven promote it produces untimely flips that reverse on the subsequent bar, time and again. A dealer coming into on each flip in a sideways market will get chopped repeatedly. A single SAR flip additionally carries no details about the dimensions or sustainability of the transfer that follows — a flip throughout a 5-pip retracement seems equivalent to a flip at the beginning of a 200-pip impulsive leg.
The Descent Blade Indicator addresses this with a affirmation layer constructed on high of the SAR — a lagging PSAR variant that operates as a structural gate fairly than a reactive flip alarm.
The Lagging PSAR Idea
The lagging PSAR is computed from the usual SAR with a one-bar offset. At any bar t , the lagging worth equals the usual SAR worth at bar t-1 . This appears like a trivial transformation, however its impact on sign high quality is important.
Think about a typical SAR flip from above worth to under worth (a bullish reversal). On the flip bar:
- The usual SAR jumps to a low worth under worth (the brand new uptrend’s first dot).
- The lagging SAR carries ahead yesterday’s commonplace SAR worth, which was above worth (the final downtrend’s terminal dot).
- A BUY sign is outlined as a real cross of the bar’s excessive above the lagging worth, with the earlier bar’s excessive having been under it.
This formulation has a clear mathematical property: the cross situation excessive[t] > lagging[t]  and excessive[t-1] <= lagging[t-1]  is strictly equal to the usual SAR flip situation. A flip and a lagging cross happen on the identical bar. However the lagging plot stays seen on the chart as a horizontal reference line on the prior pattern’s terminal SAR worth, giving the dealer a transparent image of the place the subsequent affirmation stage sits throughout the brand new pattern.
When worth subsequently breaks again by means of the lagging line in the wrong way, the SAR has flipped a second time and the pattern has reversed once more. The lagging line due to this fact acts as a gradual rolling pivot that tracks regime modifications, whereas the usual SAR continues to offer tight intra-trend cease steering.
Within the Descent Blade Indicator, the lagging line is rendered yellow when it sits under the bar’s low (throughout an uptrend) and magenta when it sits above the bar’s low (throughout a downtrend). The usual PSAR is hidden by default however will be enabled as a further overlay by means of the enter dialog. Most merchants discover the lagging line alone is ample and like the cleaner chart that outcomes.
How Entry, Exit, TP, and Re-Entry Alerts Are Generated
The indicator’s sign engine is a position-aware state machine. It tracks a single inner place state that’s both NONE, BUY, or SELL. Transitions between states are pushed by lagging PSAR crosses, whereas take revenue and re-entry occasions hearth solely whereas a place is energetic.
Entry Alerts
A BUY entry fires when the bar’s excessive crosses above the lagging PSAR with the prior bar under. A SELL entry fires when the bar’s low crosses under the lagging PSAR with the prior bar above. The Course enter restricts the entry aspect: setting it to “Purchase Solely” disables promote entries; setting it to “Promote Solely” disables purchase entries; the default “Purchase & Promote” permits each instructions.
When a BUY entry fires, a inexperienced BUY label is drawn under the bar and the inner state transitions to BUY. The entry worth is recorded because the lagging PSAR worth on the cross bar — the identical stage whose breach defines the cross. This recorded entry worth turns into the reference for subsequent take revenue logic.
A SELL entry mirrors the BUY logic. A crimson SELL label is drawn above the bar, the state transitions to SELL, and the entry worth is the lagging PSAR on the cross bar.
Exit Alerts
The indicator generates an EXIT sign when an opposite-direction lagging PSAR cross happens whereas a place is open. An EXIT BUY fires when the indicator is presently in BUY state and a SELL-direction cross is detected. An EXIT SELL fires when the indicator is presently in SELL state and a BUY-direction cross is detected. EXIT indicators are disabled by default within the enter dialog as a result of most merchants depend on the quick counter-side entry sign to speak the identical data. Enabling them produces a denser visible layer however no extra logical that means.
When an reverse cross occurs on a bar with an open place, each an EXIT sign for the prevailing place and a brand new ENTRY sign for the brand new course will be drawn on the identical bar. This represents the usual “cease and reverse” habits that provides the SAR its title.
Take Revenue Alerts
Take revenue indicators establish areas the place worth has met two particular situations whereas the commerce is in revenue. The primary situation is a candle course reversal — the earlier bar should shut within the commerce’s course whereas the present bar closes in opposition to it. The second situation is a Invoice Williams Fractal breakout — a current fractal pivot has had worth shut past it throughout the commerce’s lifetime. When each situations align, the indicator fires a TP sign.
For a BUY commerce, TP-Purchase fires when:
- The earlier bar closed up and the present bar closes down (or doji).
- A excessive fractal exists throughout the final FracLbHigh  (default 2) detected fractals whose breakout time is after the commerce’s entry.
- The present shut is above the entry worth.
- The fractal hasn’t already been TP-marked on this commerce.
- The present shut is above the prior TP worth (if any).
For a SELL commerce, TP-Promote mirrors the logic with low fractals.
Every TP sign is drawn as a teal label (for BUY trades, above the bar) or maroon label (for SELL trades, under the bar) displaying merely “TP”. The indicator marks the fractal as already-TP’d so it can’t set off a second TP on the identical commerce. A number of TP indicators can hearth throughout one commerce as worth climbs by means of successive fractals, producing a sequence of partial profit-taking alternatives.
Re-Entry Alerts
Re-entry indicators are the mirror picture of TP indicators and hearth when worth motion suggests the commerce could also be shedding momentum and a counter-side scale-in may very well be applicable. RE indicators are supposed for merchants who use grid or pyramid administration and need a structured, rule-based method so as to add to a place in opposition to the present course.
For a BUY commerce, RE-Purchase fires on a downward candle reversal at a low fractal (mirror of TP-Promote’s high-fractal logic) with extra gating: the proximity of the near the lagging PSAR should exceed ReMinProximity  (default 0%, no gate), and both a previous TP will need to have occurred OR ReBuyNoTp  should be enabled. The default habits requires a TP to have occurred earlier than any RE sign fires.
The RE sign is drawn as an olive label (BUY trades) or purple label (SELL trades) displaying “RE”. As with TP indicators, every fractal can solely set off one RE per commerce.
The mixed impact is a commerce lifecycle that begins with a transparent entry, layers structured profit-taking alternatives by means of TP indicators, optionally offers counter-trend scale-in alternatives by means of RE indicators, and closes with both an EXIT sign or a brand new opposite-direction entry.
The BW Fractal Engine Defined
Invoice Williams’ Fractal indicator identifies pivot factors utilizing a easy lookback rule. A excessive fractal varieties at a bar whose excessive exceeds the highs of the encompassing bars on all sides inside an outlined window. A low fractal varieties at a bar whose low is under the lows of the encompassing bars throughout the identical window.
The Descent Blade Indicator makes use of a default lookback of two bars on all sides ( FracLbHigh = 2 , FracLbLow = 2 ), the usual Williams setting. Every detected fractal is added to an inner checklist with its time, worth, and breakout state. When subsequent worth motion causes a detailed above a excessive fractal’s worth (or under a low fractal’s worth), the fractal is marked as damaged out and its breakout time and worth are recorded.
The fractal checklist is the structural reminiscence the take revenue and re-entry layer makes use of to establish the place the market has beforehand rotated. Solely fractals whose breakout occurred AFTER the present commerce’s entry are eligible for TP or RE marking, and solely the latest FracLbHigh  or FracLbLow  fractals are scanned. This twin filter retains the sign layer targeted on the commerce’s personal rotation construction fairly than historical pivots that not carry weight.
The Excessive Supply and Low Supply inputs let superior customers substitute different worth sequence (Open, Shut, Median, Typical, Weighted) for the fractal calculation. Commonplace utilization leaves these at Excessive and Low respectively.
Non-Repainting Structure
Non-repaint is the property that indicators printed on the chart can’t transfer, change, or disappear after they seem. It’s the most important structural property a sign indicator can have, and it is usually one of the generally violated.
A repainting indicator evaluates situations on the still-forming dwell bar. A sign can seem, persist for a number of minutes, then vanish when the bar closes at a unique worth. Backtests of repainting indicators look impossibly correct as a result of each sign that did not really set off will get silently eliminated. Stay buying and selling then produces a wholly totally different consequence, usually catastrophically worse.
The Descent Blade Indicator eliminates repainting by means of a strict closed-bar analysis rule. The interior state machine processes a bar solely after that bar has closed. Particularly, indicators hearth throughout the chronological loop solely at bar shifts of 1 or larger — by no means on the dwell forming bar at shift 0. The usual PSAR and lagging PSAR can replace on the dwell bar visually, however the cross detection, fractal analysis, and TP/RE state machine all run solely in opposition to confirmed historic knowledge.
A sensible consequence is that indicators seem in the mean time of bar shut, not in the mean time worth first crosses the lagging PSAR mid-bar. This one-bar delay relative to the intra-bar occasion is the price of non-repainting integrity. It’s a trade-off critical merchants universally favor, as a result of the choice — seeing a sign mid-bar that will or might not nonetheless be there at bar shut — produces unreliable backtests and erratic dwell habits.
The non-repaint assure extends to the historic scan that runs when the indicator is loaded. The indicator walks the chart from oldest bar to latest, making use of the state machine deterministically. Each sign printed throughout this scan is equivalent to what would have appeared in actual time at bar shut on that bar. Crucially, alerts are suppressed throughout the historic scan and solely hearth for newly closed bars at runtime. Loading the indicator on a chart with months of historical past doesn’t flood the dealer with retroactive notifications.
The Alert System
Eight alert occasions cowl each transition the indicator can produce:
- Enter-Purchase fires on a BUY entry.
- Enter-Promote fires on a SELL entry.
- Exit-Purchase fires on a BUY EXIT (opposite-direction lagging PSAR cross throughout a BUY commerce).
- Exit-Promote fires on a SELL EXIT.
- TP-Purchase fires on a take revenue sign throughout a BUY commerce.
- TP-Promote fires on a take revenue sign throughout a SELL commerce.
- RE-Purchase fires on a re-entry sign throughout a SELL commerce (counter-direction scale-in).
- RE-Promote fires on a re-entry sign throughout a BUY commerce.
Every alert will be routed to a number of supply channels:
| Channel | Default | Parameter |
|---|---|---|
| Popup dialog | Enabled | InpAlertPopup = true |
| Push notification (cellular) | Disabled | InpAlertPush = false |
| E mail | Disabled | InpAlertEmail = false |
| Sound (alert.wav) | Enabled | InpAlertSound = true |
Every alert class will be muted independently:
| Class | Parameter |
|---|---|
| Entry indicators (Enter-Purchase, Enter-Promote) | InpAlertEntry |
| Exit indicators (Exit-Purchase, Exit-Promote) | InpAlertExit |
| TP indicators (TP-Purchase, TP-Promote) | InpAlertTP |
| RE indicators (RE-Purchase, RE-Promote) | InpAlertRE |
Alert messages are pipe-delimited strings containing the occasion tag, image, dealer title, timeframe, bar timestamp, and reference worth. A typical entry alert reads DBI|Enter-Purchase|EURUSD|MetaQuotes-Demo|H1|2026.05.01 14:00:00|1.10523 . This compact format makes it straightforward to ahead alerts to exterior programs or to scan a log for particular occasions.
A essential implementation element is the alert suppression flag that forestalls the historic scan from firing hundreds of retroactive notifications when the indicator first masses on a chart. The flag is enabled solely after the historic scan completes, so the one alerts a dealer ever receives are these from bars that shut after the indicator was utilized.
Visible Layer and Colour Theme
The chart-rendered visible parts are designed for readability on darkish chart themes (the default MetaTrader background).
Lagging PSAR line: yellow when under the bar’s low (uptrend), magenta when above (downtrend). Width 3 pixels, stable type. That is the first structural reference and is enabled by default.
Commonplace PSAR line: lime when under worth (uptrend), crimson when above (downtrend). Width 3 pixels, stable type. Hidden by default. Allow solely in order for you the secondary intra-trend cease reference.
Place Entry line: white horizontal section working from the entry bar by means of the period of the open commerce, anchored on the entry worth. Width 2 pixels. Hidden by default. Allow to see the commerce’s reference worth plotted constantly throughout the chart.
Sign labels: textual content rendered as on-chart objects with bar-time anchoring. Default font is Arial Daring dimension 11, configurable by means of the inputs. Every sign kind has its personal shade matching the corresponding Pine Script supply:
| Sign | Colour Default | Anchor |
|---|---|---|
| BUY entry / EXIT BUY | Inexperienced | Under bar |
| SELL entry / EXIT SELL | Purple | Above bar |
| TP for BUY commerce | Teal | Above bar |
| TP for SELL commerce | Maroon | Under bar |
| RE for BUY commerce | Olive | Under bar |
| RE for SELL commerce | Purple | Above bar |
All shade, font title, and font dimension inputs are configurable. The default values reproduce the unique Pine Script aesthetic; superior customers can swap colours to suit private chart themes.
Alerts are drawn at a vertical offset from the bar’s excessive or low equal to 30% of the present 14-period ATR. This adaptive offset retains the labels visually clear whatever the instrument’s volatility — labels seem at an identical visible distance whether or not you are buying and selling EURUSD with a 50-pip ATR or GBPJPY with 200 pips.
Sensible Buying and selling Workflow
Step 1: Apply the indicator. Open a chart in MT4 or MT5, discover Descent Blade Indicator below Indicators > Market within the Navigator panel, and drag it onto the chart. The defaults work on most devices. Begin with H1 or H4 to look at well-spaced indicators earlier than exploring intraday timeframes.
Step 2: Set the course filter. Go away at “Purchase & Promote” for bidirectional buying and selling, or limit to “Purchase Solely” or “Promote Solely” in case your technique targets a single course.
Step 3: Await an entry. When a confirmed bar closes with a lagging PSAR cross, the entry label seems on the shut. Don’t anticipate indicators mid-bar — the indicator intentionally waits for bar affirmation to take care of non-repaint integrity.
Step 4: Handle TP indicators throughout the commerce. Every TP label (teal for BUY, maroon for SELL) marks a fractal-confirmed structural exhaustion in opposition to a swing pivot. A typical sample is to shut a 3rd on every successive TP and let the ultimate portion run to the subsequent reverse entry.
Step 5: Use RE indicators selectively. RE indicators hearth solely when a TP has beforehand occurred. Deal with them as scale-in alternatives provided that your account and dealer accommodate grid-style administration. Many merchants disable RE show to maintain charts cleaner.
Step 6: Plan the exit. EXIT labels are off by default as a result of the subsequent reverse entry communicates the identical data. Allow them provided that you like express close-and-reverse cues separate from the brand new entry.
Step 7: Configure alerts. Allow push notifications for cellular consciousness throughout a number of charts. Mute classes you do not want (Exit, RE) by toggling the corresponding InpAlert*  enter.
Timeframe and Instrument Notes
Decrease timeframes (M5–M15) produce frequent indicators on minor swings. Medium timeframes (H1–H4) are the advisable default for swing merchants, with well-spaced entries and significant TP marks. Greater timeframes (D1, W1) generate fewer however structurally vital indicators suited to place buying and selling.
The indicator is symbol-agnostic and works throughout Foreign exchange, indices, commodities, equities, and cryptocurrencies. Volatility-adaptive parts (ATR-based label offset, proximity-ratio RE gate) guarantee cheap habits throughout devices with vastly totally different ranges. For very low-volatility devices, take into account rising fractal lookback to three or 4.
Parameter Reference
All enter parameters are listed under, grouped by perform. Default values match the supply code precisely.
Place
| Parameter | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InpDirection | Purchase & Promote | Prohibit indicators to 1 aspect (Purchase Solely / Promote Solely / Purchase & Promote) |
Present Alerts
| Parameter | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InpShowEntryBuy | true | Show BUY entry labels |
| InpShowTpBuy | true | Show TP labels throughout BUY trades |
| InpShowReBuy | true | Show RE labels throughout SELL trades (BUY-side scale-in) |
| InpShowExitBuy | false | Show EXIT BUY labels (off by default) |
| InpShowEntrySell | true | Show SELL entry labels |
| InpShowTpSell | true | Show TP labels throughout SELL trades |
| InpShowReSell | true | Show RE labels throughout BUY trades (SELL-side scale-in) |
| InpShowExitSell | false | Show EXIT SELL labels (off by default) |
PSAR
| Parameter | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InpPsarStart | 0.02 | Preliminary Acceleration Issue for the usual SAR |
| InpPsarIncrement | 0.02 | AF increment per new excessive level |
| InpPsarMax | 0.025 | Most AF cap |
BW Fractals
| Parameter | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InpFracHighSrc | Excessive | Value supply for top fractals (Excessive/Low/Shut/Open/Median/Typical/Weighted) |
| InpFracLowSrc | Low | Value supply for low fractals |
| InpFracLbHigh | 2 | Lookback bars for top fractal affirmation |
| InpFracLbLow | 2 | Lookback bars for low fractal affirmation |
Sign Positive-Tuning
| Parameter | Default | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| InpReMinProximity | 0.0 | Minimal | shut – lagging | / lagging × 100 ratio for RE indicators |
| InpReBuyNoTp | false | Enable RE-Purchase with no prior TP within the commerce | ||
| InpReSellNoTp | false | Enable RE-Promote with no prior TP within the commerce |
Present Informative
| Parameter | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InpShowPsar | false | Show the usual PSAR line |
| InpShowPsarLagging | true | Show the lagging PSAR line |
| InpShowPosEntry | false | Show a horizontal entry-price line throughout open trades |
Sign Model
| Parameter | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InpFontSize | 11 | Font dimension for sign labels |
| InpFontName | Arial Daring | Font face for sign labels |
| InpColEntryBuy | clrGreen | Colour for BUY entry and EXIT BUY labels |
| InpColEntrySell | clrRed | Colour for SELL entry and EXIT SELL labels |
| InpColTpBuy | clrTeal | Colour for TP labels throughout BUY trades |
| InpColTpSell | clrMaroon | Colour for TP labels throughout SELL trades |
| InpColReBuy | clrOlive | Colour for RE labels throughout SELL trades |
| InpColReSell | clrPurple | Colour for RE labels throughout BUY trades |
Alerts
| Parameter | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InpAlertPopup | true | Present on-screen popup |
| InpAlertPush | false | Ship push notification (requires MetaQuotes ID) |
| InpAlertEmail | false | Ship electronic mail (requires SMTP configuration) |
| InpAlertSound | true | Play sound on alert |
| InpAlertSoundFile | alert.wav | Sound filename |
| InpAlertEntry | true | Allow Enter-Purchase and Enter-Promote alerts |
| InpAlertExit | true | Allow Exit-Purchase and Exit-Promote alerts |
| InpAlertTP | true | Allow TP-Purchase and TP-Promote alerts |
| InpAlertRE | true | Allow RE-Purchase and RE-Promote alerts |
Superior
| Parameter | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InpObjPrefix | DBI_ | Prefix for chart object names |
Advisable Configuration Profiles
Default (balanced). All defaults. Appropriate for H1 and H4 buying and selling on Foreign exchange majors, indices, and commodities.
Conservative (fewer indicators). Improve InpFracLbHigh  and InpFracLbLow  to 4, set InpReMinProximity  to 0.5, disable RE indicators ( InpShowReBuy = false , InpShowReSell = false ). Produces fewer however extra selective entries and TPs.
Aggressive (extra indicators). Set InpFracLbHigh = 1 , InpFracLbLow = 1 , allow InpReBuyNoTp = true  and InpReSellNoTp = true . Produces a denser sign stream with RE indicators showing with no prior TP.
Visible-only mode. Set InpAlertPopup = false , InpAlertSound = false , all InpAlert*  toggles to false. The indicator runs purely as a chart overlay with no notification sounds or popups.
Set up
The Descent Blade Indicator is distributed completely by means of the MQL5.com Market and installs mechanically after buy.
- Buy the indicator from the MQL5.com Market product web page.
- The indicator downloads and installs into MetaTrader 4 or MetaTrader 5 mechanically.
- Open the Navigator panel (Ctrl+N) and increase the Indicators part.
- Discover Descent Blade Indicator below Indicators > Market.
- Drag the indicator onto any chart.
- Regulate enter parameters if wanted, then click on OK.
The indicator works on all timeframes and all symbols supported by your dealer. No guide file copying is required.
For greatest outcomes, enable the indicator a second to load its historic scan the primary time it’s utilized to a chart. The scan time depends upon the bar rely seen on the chart however sometimes takes below one second on a 5,000-bar chart and below 5 seconds on a 100,000-bar chart. After the preliminary scan, subsequent ticks course of incrementally with no perceivable delay.
The indicator makes use of 5 indicator buffers (PSAR Up, PSAR Down, Lagging PSAR Up, Lagging PSAR Down, Place Entry) and creates chart textual content objects for sign labels. All chart objects use the prefix DBI_<chart_id>_  and are eliminated mechanically when the indicator is faraway from the chart.
Conclusion
The Descent Blade Indicator combines a Wilder Parabolic SAR with a one-bar lagging variant, a Invoice Williams Fractal-based exit and re-entry layer, and a strict non-repainting analysis rule. The lagging PSAR cross offers the first entry set off and acts as a structural affirmation gate that filters out the high-frequency flips that make uncooked PSAR troublesome to commerce. The BW Fractal layer provides context-aware TP and RE indicators that adapt to the swing construction of every commerce.
The indicator fits merchants who need a structured, repeatable strategy to pattern reversal buying and selling with out the subjectivity of guide trendline drawing or the unreliability of repainting indicators. All eight alert occasions will be routed to popup, push, electronic mail, and sound channels independently. The historic scan is silent — no retroactive notifications flood the dealer on indicator load.
The system works on Foreign exchange, indices, commodities, equities, and cryptocurrencies, and adapts to any timeframe by means of ATR-scaled label placement and proximity-ratio re-entry gating. Whether or not used as a major sign supply or a affirmation software alongside different evaluation, the structured strategy to PSAR cross detection and fractal-confirmed commerce administration offers a basis for disciplined, rule-based buying and selling.
Obtain the indicator:Â
Threat Disclaimer
Buying and selling overseas trade and CFDs on margin carries a excessive stage of threat and is probably not appropriate for all traders. You might maintain a loss exceeding your preliminary funding. Pattern Quorum is a technical evaluation software and doesn’t assure worthwhile trades. Previous efficiency just isn’t indicative of future outcomes. The authors settle for no legal responsibility for any loss arising from use of the indicator. By utilizing Pattern Quorum you acknowledge sole accountability in your buying and selling choices.
