In 2001, a decade after he invented the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee articulated a new vision.
Together with two colleagues, he published an article in the magazine Scientific American in which he outlined what he called the “Semantic Web”: an internet designed to be navigated by autonomous software agents that could address our every need, without requiring us to muck about with browsers and search engines ourselves.
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To illustrate what this might look like, Berners-Lee and his colleagues told a story about a pair of siblings who use their agents to automatically research and book a physical therapy appointment for their mother, making sure it would be covered by insurance and fit their busy calendars. At the turn of the millennium, this vision seemed far-fetched: Google had only been online for a couple of years, and most people were still on dial-up connections.
But a quarter-century on, the dream of autonomous software agents that use the internet and carry out tasks for us has finally been realized.




